NEET UG
Session - 2022-2023
INTRODUCTION
- NEET (UG) is one of the toughest medical entrance examinations conducted in India. National Eligibility cum Entrance Test is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) for admission to undergraduate (MBBS/BDS/Ayush Courses) every year. As per Government of India, it is a mandated requirement to qualify NEET Exam to study medical courses in India and abroad.
- NEET 2023 exam is a national-level entrance test conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) in May 2023 for admission to various medical courses offered by the majority of India’s medical colleges/universities. The test will be conducted in pen and paper mode. The exam will be conducted yearly in different exam centres across the country.
NEET-UG Exam Eligibility Criteria 2022-2023
- NEET is mandatory for Indian/Overseas candidates for admission to a medical University in India.
- Age Limit: General- 17 to 25 years (on or before 31st December of the same year) SC/ST/OBC/PWD – 17 to 30 years
- All India Quota seats: Foreign nationals and Overseas Citizen of India (OCI), NRIs, Person of Indian Origin (PIO) is entitled to the reservation under 15% All India Quota seats. J & K candidates are not eligible for 15% All India Quota seats.
- Qualification: The candidate who is appearing or has appeared in the 12th may apply for NEET. Their admission is confirmed only after clearing the 12th exam.
- -Passed B.Sc. with any two of the Physics, Chemistry, Biology (Botany, Zoology)/Bio-technology from an Indian University.
- -Passed the first year of the University's three years' degree course in PCB
- Number of Attempts – Candidates can attempt NEET as many times as they wish until they attain the maximum age limit.
What are the minimum marks required for each category?
- 50% - General
- 40% - SC/ST/OBC
What are the documents required to apply for NEET?
The scanned copies of the following documents are required to be submitted along with the online application form-
| NATIONALITY | List of Documents Require |
| Indian Nationals | Aadhaar Number Election Identity Card Ration card number Passport Number Bank account number |
| NRIs | Passport Number Aadhaar Number |
| OCI/PIO | Passport Number |
Fees
Pattern of the Test
- The Test pattern of NEET (UG) - 2022 comprises four Subjects. Each subject will consist of two sections. Section A will consist of 35 Questions and Section B will have 15 Questions, out of these 15 Questions, candidates can choose to attempt any 10 Questions. So, the total number of questions and utilization of time will remain the same.
- The pattern for the NEET (UG) - 2022 Examination for admission in the Session 2022-23 is as follows :-
For Section A (MCQs): To answer a question, the candidates need to choose one option corresponding to the correct answer or the most appropriate answer. However, if any anomaly or discrepancy is found after the process of challenges of the key verification, it shall be addressed in the following manner:
- Correct answer or the most appropriate answer: Four marks (+4)
- Any incorrect option marked will be given minus one mark (-1).
- Unanswered/Marked for Review will be given no mark (0).
- If more than one option is found to be correct then Four marks (+4) will be awarded to only those who have marked any of the correct options.
- If all options are found to be correct then Four marks (+4) will be awarded to all those who have attempted the question.
- If none of the options is found correct or a Question is found to be wrong or a Question is dropped then all candidates who have appeared will be given four marks (+4) irrespective of the fact whether the question has been attempted or not attempted by the candidate.
For Section B (MCQs): Candidates need to attempt any 10 Questions out of 15 Questions given. In the event of a candidate has attempted more than 10 questions, only the first 10 attempted questions will be considered for evaluation. There will also be negative marking for Section B. However, if any anomaly or discrepancy is found after the process of challenges of the key verification, it shall be addressed in the following manner:
- Correct Answer: Four marks (+4)
- Incorrect Answer: Minus one mark (-1)
- Unanswered/Marked for Review: No mark (0).
- If more than one option is found to be correct then Four marks (+4) will be awarded to only those who have marked any of the correct options.
- If all options are found to be correct then Four marks (+4) will be awarded to all those who have attempted the question.
- If a question is found to be incorrect or the Question is dropped then Four marks (+4) will be awarded to all those who have attempted the question. The reason could be due to human error or technical error.
- Candidates are advised to do the calculations with the constants given (if any) in the questions.
Medium of Question Paper
- Question paper medium comes with 13 language choices as follows :-
Syllabus
Physics-Class 11th
Physics-Class 11: Unit 01
Physical world and measurement |
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| Physics: Scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; physics, technology, and society |
| Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass, and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures |
| Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis, and its applications |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 02
Kinematics |
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| Frame of reference, motion in a straight line; position-time graph, speed, and velocity |
| Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed, and instantaneous velocity |
| Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time, and position-time graphs, for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment) |
| Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion |
| Scalar and vector quantities: Position and displacement vectors, general vectors, general vectors and notation, equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors |
| Relative velocity |
| Unit Vectors |
| Resolution of a vector in a plane-rectangular components |
| Scalar and vector products of vectors |
| Motion in a plane |
| Cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration-projectile motion |
| Uniform circular motion |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 03
Laws of motion |
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| Intuitive concept of force |
| Inertia, Newton's first law of motion; momentum and Newton's second law of motion; impulse; Newton's third law of motion |
| Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications |
| Equilibrium of concurrent forces |
| Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication |
| Dynamics of uniform circular motion |
| Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road) |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 04
Work, energy, and power |
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| Work done by a constant force and variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power |
| Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); non-conservative forces; motion in a vertical circle |
| Elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 05
Motion of system of particles and rigid body |
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| Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation, and centre of mass motion |
| Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of uniform rod |
| Moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum with some examples |
| Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equation of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions; the moment of inertia, the radius of gyration |
| Values of M.I. for simple geometrical objects (no derivation) |
| Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 06
Gravitation |
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| Kepler's laws of planetary motion |
| The universal law of gravitation |
| Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth |
| Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential |
| Escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite |
| Geostationary satellites |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 07
Properties of bulk matter |
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| Elastic behaviour, stress-strain relationship |
| Hooke's law, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, shear, modulus of rigidity, Poisson's ratio; elastic energy |
| Viscosity, Stokes' law, terminal velocity, Reynold's number, streamline and turbulent flow |
| Critical velocity, Bernoulli's theorem and its applications |
| Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise |
| Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases |
| Anomalous expansion |
| Specific heat capacity: Cp, Cv-calorimetry; change of state-latent heat |
| Heat transfer-conduction and thermal conductivity, convection, and radiation |
| Qualitative ideas of black body radiation, Wien's displacement law, and greenhouse effect |
| Newton's law of cooling and Stefan's law |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 08
Thermodynamics |
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| Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics) |
| Heat, work, and internal energy |
| First law of thermodynamics |
| Isothermal and adiabatic processes |
| Second law of the thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes |
| Heat engines and refrigerators |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 09
Behaviour of perfect gas and kinetic theory |
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| Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas |
| Kinetic theory of gases: Assumptions, concept of pressure, kinetic energy and temperature; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path |
Physics-Class 11: Unit 10
Oscillations and waves |
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| Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time |
| Periodic functions |
| Simple harmonic motion (SHM) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in SHM-kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period |
| Free, forced, and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance |
| Wave motion |
| Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of wave motion |
| Displacement relation for a progressive wave |
| Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics |
| Beats |
| Doppler effect |
Physics-Class 12th-
Physics-Class 12: Unit 01
Electrostatics |
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| Electric charges and their conservation |
| Coulomb's law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution |
| Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field |
| Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside) |
| Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges: equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric dipoles in an electrostatic field |
| Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor |
| Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor |
| Van De Graaff generator |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 02
Current electricity |
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| Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linear and nonlinear), electrical energy and power |
| Electrical resistivity, and conductivity |
| Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance |
| Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel |
| Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications |
| Wheatstone bridge, meter bridge |
| Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing EMF of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 03
Magnetic effects of current and magnetism |
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| Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment |
| Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop |
| Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids |
| Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields |
| Cyclotron |
| Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field |
| Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere |
| Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter |
| Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment |
| Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron |
| Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis |
| Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid; magnetic field line; Earth's magnetic field and magnetic elements |
| Para-, dia-, and ferro-magnetic substances with examples |
| Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths |
| Permanent magnets |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 04
Electromagnetic induction and alternating currents |
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| Electromagnetic induction; Faraday's law, induced EMF and current; Lenz's Law, Eddy currents |
| Self and mutual inductance |
| Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattless current |
| AC generator and transformer |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 05
Electromagnetic waves |
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| Need for displacement current |
| Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only) |
| Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves |
| Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 06
Optics |
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| Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula |
| Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications optical fibers, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker's formula |
| Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror |
| Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism |
| Scattering of light-blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset |
| Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses |
| Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers |
| Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens' principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts |
| Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' principle |
| Interference, Young's double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light |
| Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum |
| Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes |
| Polarization, plane polarized light, Brewster's law, uses of plane polarized light and polaroids |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 07
Dual nature of matter and radiation |
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| Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein's photoelectric equation-particle nature of light |
| Matter waves-wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation |
| Davisson-germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted, only conclusion should be explained) |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 08
Atoms and nuclei |
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| Alpha-particle scattering experiments; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum |
| Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones |
| Radioactivity-alpha, beta, and gamma particles/ rays and their properties decay law |
| Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion |
Physics-Class 12: Unit 09
Electronic devices |
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| Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors, semiconductor diode-I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier, I-V characteristics of LED, diode, solar cell, and Zener diode |
| Zener diode as a voltage regulator |
| Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator |
| Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND, and NOR) |
| Transistor as a switch |
Chemistry-Class 11th-
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 01
Some basic concepts of chemistry |
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| General introduction: Important and scope of chemistry |
| Laws of chemical combination, Dalton's atomic theory: Concept of elements, atoms, and molecules |
| Atomic and molecular masses |
| Mole concept and molar mass; percentage composition and empirical and molecular formula; chemical reactions, stoichiometry and calculations based on stoichiometry |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 02
Structure of atom |
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| Atomic number, isotopes, and isobars |
| Concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, De Broglie's relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbital, quantum numbers, shapes of s, p, and d orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle |
| Pauli exclusion principles and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 03
Classification of elements and periodicity in properties |
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| Modern periodic law and long form of periodic table, periodic trends in properties of elements-atomic radii, ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electronegativity, valence |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 04
Chemical bonding and molecular structure |
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| Valence electrons, ionic bond, covalent bond, bond parameters, Lewis structure, polar character of covalent bond, valence bond theory, resonance, geometry of molecules, VSEPR theory |
| Concept of hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals and shapes of some simple molecules, molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only) |
| Hydrogen bond |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 05
States of matter: gases and liquids |
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| Three states of matter, intermolecular interactions, types of bonding, melting and boiling points, role of gas laws of elucidating the concept of the molecule, Boyle's law, Charles's law, Gay Lussac's law, Avogadro's law, ideal behaviour of gases |
| Empirical derivation of gas equation |
| Avogadro number, ideal gas equation |
| Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea), deviation from ideal behaviour, liquefaction of gases, critical temperature |
| Liquid state-vapour pressure, viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only, no mathematical derivations) |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 06
Thermodynamics |
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| First law of thermodynamics-internal energy and enthalpy, heat capacity and specific heat, measurement of U and H, Hess's law of constant heat summation |
| Enthalpy of: Bond dissociation, combustion, formation, atomization, sublimation, phase transition, ionization, solution, and dilution |
| Introduction of entropy as state function, second law of thermodynamics, Gibbs energy change for spontaneous and non-spontaneous process, criteria for equilibrium and spontaneity |
| Third law of thermodynamics-brief introduction |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 07
Equilibrium |
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| Equilibrium in physical and chemical processes, dynamic nature of equilibrium, law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constant, factors affecting equilibrium-Le Chatelier's principle; ionic equilibrium-ionization of acids and bases |
| Strong and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, ionization of polybasic acids, acid strength, concept of pH, hydrolysis of salts (elementary idea), buffer solutions, Henderson equation, solubility product |
| Common ion effect (with illustrative examples) |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 08
Redox reactions |
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| Concept of oxidation and oxidation and reduction, redox reactions oxidation number, balancing redox reactions in terms of loss and gain of electron and change in oxidation numbers |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 09
Hydrogen |
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| Occurrence, isotopes, preparation, properties and uses of hydrogen, hydrides ionic, covalent and interstitial; physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-preparation, reactions, uses, and structure |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 10
S-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) |
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| Group I and group 2 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, anomalous properties of the first element of each group, diagonal relationship |
| Group I and group 2 elements: Trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy, atomic, and ionic radii), trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen, water, hydrogen and halogens; uses |
| Preparation and properties of some important compounds: Sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, and sodium hydrogen carbonate, biological importance of sodium and potassium. Industrial use of lime and limestone |
| Preparation and properties of some important compounds: Biological importance of Mg and Ca |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 11
Some p-block elements |
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| General Introduction to p-block elements |
| Group 13 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous properties of first element of the group |
| Group 13 elements: Boron, some important compounds: Borax, boric acids, boron hydrides, aluminum: Uses, reactions with acids, and alkalies |
| General 14 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, variation of properties, oxidation states, trends in chemical reactivity, anomalous behaviour of first element |
| General 14 elements: Carbon, allotropic forms, physical and chemical properties, uses of some important compounds: Oxides |
| Important compounds of silicon and a few uses: Silicon tetrachloride, silicones, silicates and zeolites, their uses |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 12
Organic chemistry-some basic principles and techniques |
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| General introduction, methods of purification qualitative and quantitative analysis, classification and IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds |
| Electronic displacements in a covalent bond: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation |
| Homolytic and heterolytic fission of a covalent bond: Free radials, carbocations, carbanions; electrophiles and nucleophiles, types of organic reactions |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 13
Hydrocarbons |
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| Alkanes: Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis |
| Alkanes: Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: Addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov's addition and peroxide effect) |
| Alkanes: Ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition |
| Alkynes: Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: Acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of-hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides, and water |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons:Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; benzene; resonance, aromaticity; chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution-nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation |
| Aromatic hydrocarbons: Directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity |
Chemistry-Class 11: Unit 14
Environmental chemistry |
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| Environmental pollution: Air, water, and soil pollution, chemical reactions in atmosphere, smogs, major atmospheric pollutants; acid rain ozone and its reactions, effects of depletion of ozone layer |
| Environmental pollution: Greenhouse effect and global warming-pollution due to industrial wastes; green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution, strategy for control of environmental pollution |
Chemistry-Class 12th-
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 01
Solid state |
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| Classification of solids based on different binding forces; molecular, ionic covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell |
| Packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors, and insulators |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 02
Solutions |
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| Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult's law |
| Elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties abnormal molecular mass |
| Van't Hoff factor |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 03
Electrochemistry |
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| Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variation of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch's law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and galvanic cells |
| Lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 04
Chemical kinetics |
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| Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction, concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant |
| Integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment) |
| Activation energy, Arrhenius equation |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 05
Surface chemistry |
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| Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids, catalysis homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: Enzyme catalysis; colloidal state: Distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions |
| Lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions-types of emulsions |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 06
General principles and processes of isolation of elements |
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| Principles and methods of extraction-concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc, and iron |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 07
P-block elements |
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| Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only) |
| Group 15 elements: Phosphorus-allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorus: Preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCI3, PCI5) and oxoacids (elementary idea only) |
| Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: Preparation, properties, and uses; classification of oxides; ozone |
| Group 16 elements: Sulphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: Preparation, preparation, properties, and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: Industrial process of manufacture, properties, and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only) |
| Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: Preparation, properties, and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid |
| Group 17 elements: Interhalogen compounds oxoacids of halogens (structures only) |
| Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 08
D and f block elements |
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| General introduction, electronic configuration, characteristics of transition metals |
| General trends in properties of the first row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation |
| Preparation and Properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4 |
| Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanoid contraction, and its consequences |
| Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 09
Coordination compounds |
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| Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, isomerism (structural and stereo) bonding, Werner's theory VBT, CFT |
| Coordination compounds: Importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, biological systems) |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 10
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
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| Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions. Optical rotation |
| Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only) |
| Uses and environment effects of-dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 11
Alcohols, phenols, and ethers |
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| Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol |
| Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols |
| Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical, and chemical properties uses |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 12
Aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids |
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| Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses |
| Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 13
Organic compounds containing nitrogen |
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| Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical, and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary secondary and tertiary amines |
| Cyanides and isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places |
| Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions, and importance in synthetic organic chemistry |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 14
Biomolecules |
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| Carbohydrates-classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), D.L. configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen): Importance |
| Proteins-elementary idea of-amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes |
| Hormones-elementary idea (excluding structure) |
| Vitamins-classification and function |
| Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 15
Polymers |
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| Classification-natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization |
| Some important polymers: Natural and synthetic like polyesters, bakelite; rubber, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers |
Chemistry-Class 12: Unit 16
Chemistry in everyday life |
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| Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines |
| Chemicals in food-preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants |
| Cleansing agents-soaps and detergents, cleansing action |
Biology-Class 11th-
Biology-Class 11: Unit 01
Diversity in living world |
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| What is living?; biodiversity; need for classification; three domains of life; taxonomy and systematics; concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy; binomial nomenclature; tools for study of taxonomy-museums, zoos, herbaria, botanical gardens |
| Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of monera; protista and fungi into major groups; lichens; viruses, and viroids |
| Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, and angiosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category) |
| Angiosperms classification up to class, characteristic features and examples |
| Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least two examples) |
Biology-Class 11: Unit 02
Structural organization in animals and plants |
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| Morphology and modifications; tissues; anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence-cymose and racemose, flower, fruit, and seed (to be dealt along with the relevant practical of the practical syllabus) |
| Animal tissues; morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach) |
Biology-Class 11: Unit 03
Cell structure and function |
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| Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; plant cell and animal cell; cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; cell organelles-structure and function |
| Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles (ultra structure and function); nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus |
| Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action |
| B cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and their significance |
Biology-Class 11: Unit 04
Plant physiology |
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| Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases, and nutrients; cell to cell transport-diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; plant-water relations-imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis |
| Transport in plants: Long distance transport of water-absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; transpiration-opening and closing of stomata |
| Transport in plants: Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis; diffusion of gases (brief mention) |
| Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro, and micronutrients and their role; deficiency symptoms; mineral toxicity; elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; nitrogen metabolism-nitrogen cycle, biological nitrogen fixation |
| Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of autotrophic nutrition; site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in photosynthesis (elementary idea); photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis |
| Photosynthesis: Cyclic and non cyclic and photophosphorylation; chemiosmotic hypothesis; photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; factors affecting photosynthesis |
| Respiration: Exchange gases; cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); energy relations-number of ATP molecules generated; amphibolic pathways; respiratory quotient |
| Plant growth and development: Seed germination; phases of plant growth and plant growth rate; conditions of growth; differentiation, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation; sequence of developmental process in a plant cell |
| Plant growth and development: Growth regulators-auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; seed dormancy; vernalisation; photoperiodism |
Biology-Class 11: Unit 05
Human physiology |
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| Digestion and absorption; alimentary canal and digestive glands; role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats |
| Egestion; nutritional and digestive disorders-PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea |
| Breathing and respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); respiratory system in humans; mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans-exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, respiratory volumes |
| Breathing and respiration: Disorders related to respiration-asthma, emphysema, occupational respiratory disorders |
| Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; composition of lymph and its function; human circulatory system-structure of human heart and blood vessels; cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, double circulation |
| Body fluids and circulation: Regulation of cardiac activity; disorders of circulatory system-hypertension, coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, heart failure |
| Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; human excretory system-structure and function; urine formation, osmoregulation; regulation of kidney function-renin-angiotensin, atrial natriuretic factor |
| Excretory products and their elimination: ADH and diabetes insipidus; role of other organs in excretion; disorders; uraemia, renal failure, renal calculi, nephritis; dialysis and artificial kidney |
| Locomotion and movement: Types of movement-ciliary, flagellar, muscular; skeletal muscle-contractile proteins and muscle contraction; skeletal system and its functions (to be dealt with the relevant practical of practical syllabus); joints |
| Locomotion and movement: Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-myasthenia gravis, tetany, muscular dystrophy, arthritis, osteoporosis, gout |
| Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; nervous system in humans central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; generation and conduction of nerve impulse; reflex action; sense organs |
| Neural control and coordination: Elementary structure and function of eye and ear |
| Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; human endocrine system, hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads; mechanism of hormone action (elementary idea) |
| Chemical coordination and regulation: Role of hormones as messengers and regulators |
| Chemical coordination and regulation: Hypo and hyperactivity and related disorders (common disorders e.g. dwarfism, acromegaly, cretinism, goiter, exophthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison's disease) |
Biology-Class 12th-
Biology-Class 12: Unit 01
Reproduction |
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| Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual; asexual reproduction; modes-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation |
| Reproduction in organisms: Vegetative propagation in plants |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies, and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization |
| Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Post fertilization events-development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed and fruit formation |
| Human reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo, development upto blastocyst formation, implantation |
| Human reproduction: Pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea) |
| Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception, and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis |
| Reproductive health: Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness) |
Biology-Class 12: Unit 02
Genetics and evolution |
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| Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance |
| Heredity and variation: Chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans, birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance-haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans |
| Heredity and variation: Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes |
| Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma, transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-lac operon |
| Molecular basis of inheritance: Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting |
| Evolution: Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from palaeontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular evidence; Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution |
| Evolution: Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution |
Biology-Class 12: Unit 03
Biology and human welfare |
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| Health and disease; pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm); basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; cancer, HIV, and AIDS; adolescence, drug, and alcohol abuse |
| Improvement in food production; plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification; apiculture and animal husbandry |
| Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizer |
Biology-Class 12: Unit 04
Biotechnology and its applications |
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| Principles and process of biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology) |
| Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy, genetically modified organisms-BT crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues-biopiracy and patents |
Biology-Class 12: Unit 05
Ecology and environment |
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| Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes-growth, birth rate, and death rate, age distribution |
| Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves |
| Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks and sanctuaries |
| Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and global warming; ozone depletion; deforestation |
| Environmental issues: Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues |
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